Brigham Young University Following Joseph's murder, Emma refused to go west with the Saints. From there, refugees had to cross the South and North Fabius rivers and mudflats to reach the Mississippi opposite Quincy. Some sneaked southward to the Missouri River and took boat passage to St. Joseph Smith Foundation director, author, film producer, speaker. The biography was an instant commercial success, selling out its first two printings. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. By Scott D. Pierce. Mormon regard for Quincy. The large body of displaced Saints became an economic force and political presence in Illinois and Iowa Territory. Their chief settlement was Far West in Caldwell County. Events unfolded rapidly, with men from the neighboring towns staging raids on Nauvoo, trying to once again, drive out the Saints and claim their. This most likely caused people to behave differently than they might have in gentler circumstances. We put our goods into the wagon a second time, but the wagon was wanted for Emma and her family, so our goods were again taken out.[48] Stephen Markham, a member of the Committee of Removal, helped Emma Smith leave on February 7. [106] Johnson, ed., Mormon Redress Petitions, xix. Abraham agreed to drive the Butlers wagon and two-horse team for Caroline, and Caroline let the Smoots put their baggage in the Butler wagon. Exmormons are told to leave quietly with their tails between their legs. [79] Smith, History of the Church, 3:270. They collected donations of furniture, farm implements, and money from farm sales. Quincy was the closest Illinois city to Far West. [49] Brother Markham then drove the wagon back to Far West to bring others out. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Another attraction was that unsettled lands were available in the vicinity. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. in getting one single wagon to convey beds, clothing, and provisions for our family, and luggage. Another story about bleeding feet involves Nancy Hammer, whose husband Austin was murdered in the Hauns Mill Massacre a few months earlier. Caroline went ahead and brought back some elders from a camp ahead to give Martha and Keziah blessings. [30] A second meeting on January 29 heard a partial report from the committee, after which Brigham Young proposed that Saints covenant to stand by and assist each other to the utmost of our abilities in removing from the state, and that we will never desert the poor who are worthy until they are safely out of state. Thank you so much. Many found refuge not only in Quincy but throughout Adams County and all over western Illinois. 4 How many wives did Joseph Smith have LDS? Required fields are marked *. Emma did not learn about their deaths until 10:00 p.m. that same evening. Reaching the river, they joined Saints waiting to cross who had no shelter. Question: Why did Emma Smith and Brigham Young dislike one another? 4 (2000): 622. [100] Stanley B. Kimball, The Saints and St. Louis, 18311857: An Oasis of Tolerance and Security, BYU Studies 13 (Summer 1973): 489519. On October 27, 1838, three days after Missouri and Mormon militias engaged in the Battle of Crooked River, Governor Boggs issued his infamous extermination order. Later witnesses would be permitted to view the plates, but God asked Emma to accept them on faith, a testimony that God recognized her as a woman of great faith. The Saints exodus from Nauvoo took place a year and a half later, leaving Emma, a 41-year-old widow, with her aged mother-in-law, Lucy Mack Smith, and five children, ranging in age from fourteen years to fifteen months old, to care for. On March 21 Wilford Woodruff said the apostolic company passed through Huntsville and found the roads were full of Saints that were fleeing Missouri.[93] On April 24 they met three members of the Committee of Removal who had just been driven from Far West, who also joined them. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". [106] Fortunately, 678 petitions survive. At Quincy, where some Church members lived, John taught school for a short period. A Comfort unto My Servant, Joseph. Women of faith in the latter days. Emma Smith would make tremendous sacrifices for the gospel of Jesus Christ, for her husband, and for the church. had not heard anything from me during this time, neither dare I write to [them].[68], At a March 17 meeting, Saints in Quincy heard a letter read from the Committee of Removal in Far West asking for teams & money for the removing of fifty families of poor Saints from far west to Quincy.[69] On March 29 the committee in Quincy wrote to their counterparts in Far West sympathizing with their extreme labor and travail to move out the last poor Saints. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Anson Call. With other refugees, she and six children ages two through nine accompanied their small wagon, pulled by a blind horse. My 11 year old granddaughter who is not baptized into the LDS Church wanted a poster after which we obtained and she visited with the actors and actresses. While in Liberty Jail, Joseph Smith had instructed them to compile statements and affidavits about their losses and sufferings with the design of securing redress from the federal government for the losses they suffered in Missouri (Doctrine and Covenants 123:113). [72] It is about 130 miles upriver from St. Louis and 45 miles directly south of where Nauvoo now is. [75] Wandle Mace Autobiography, typescript, 3132, Perry Special Collections. Seeing the injuries, she rushed back to her house and brought back camphor, brown paper, and a pan of warm water. Despite her parents disapproval, she eventually eloped. Until that time, Emma had been largely written out of official LDS history. Five reasons best explain why Saints moved during winter conditions: (1) by January, armed patrols were showing up and threatening the Saints, so in the January 26 public meeting the people agreed to begin moving immediately; (2) the Saints had been told that Joseph Smith would not be released from prison until they all had left Missouri, so the sooner that happened, the better;[39] (3) individuals were running out of food and supplies; (4) in February, Far West experienced some stretches of weather that seemed favorable for traveling; and (5) wagons going to Illinois and then returning to take others needed four to six weeks to make the two trips before the late March deadline. It was difficult, dramatic, sometimes harrowing, and only partly organized. Social conversation and discretion were traits for which she was well-known. [18] Diaries of William Huntington, typescript, in Miscellaneous Mormon Diaries, vol. Brigham also doubtless considered Emma dishonest and a liar because she continued to insist that her husband had never taught the doctrine of plural marriage. "Women felt comfortable leaving their children in the church nursery across the hall," she writes, "because the caregivers passed background checks, earned a fair wage, and had a well-managed. My God is it you Bro. Her mother-in-law, Lucy Mack Smith, said of her: I have never seen a woman in my life, who would endure every species of fatigue and hardship, from month to month, and from year to year, with that unflinching courage, zeal, and patience, which she has ever done; for I know that which she has had to endure she has breasted the storms of persecution, and buffeted the rage of men and devils, which would have borne down almost any other woman.. The Twelve then offered kneeling prayer at the southeast cornerstone, sang Adam-ondi-Ahman, and dismissed so they could leave there for their missions to England. [87] Hartley, My Best for the Kingdom, 9192. After his death she resisted encouragement to deny his role as a prophet. [97] During a change of venue from Daviess to Boone County, Joseph Smith and the four others who had been in Liberty Jail were allowed to escape on April 16, and they found their way to Illinois safely. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? She even owned cows and other items, possibly given as payment from students. Babbitt would make Brigham's requests to Emma sound abrupt and thoughtless, and her responses to him selfish and defensive.[5]. They formed the first wave of the exodus. Newel Knight had a wagon but no team. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Joseph had been translating the Bible before he was imprisoned, and Emma also carried these documents with her, hidden in bags under her skirts. What experience do you need to become a teacher? . Brigham Young, in danger from anti-Mormons, joined the exodus on February 14. It was enough to make the heart ache to see the children, sick with colds, and crying around their mothers for food, whilst their parents were destitute of the means of making them comfortable.[21], Northwest Missouri winters can be harsh. We had the last company of the poor with us that could be removed.[96], But the exodus was not quite complete because five prisoners were still in Liberty Jail and six in Richmonds jail, including King Follett, who had just been arrested that month while trying to leave Missouri. When he was murdered, she bent over him and expressed her sorrow that they had taken him from her. On horseback, he, fellow Kentuckian David Lewis, and Elias Higbee endured December snows, cold, and meager food to reach Quincy, Illinois. Extermination order not rescinded for 137 years. Why did Emma Smith opt to stay in Nauvoo? [73], Church members living in Quincy and nearby tried to help the refugees when they crossed the river. Emma certainly made errors in judgment, as do we all. In an essay published on its website quoting "careful estimates", the church said the wives. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Find out how to attend either in person or virtually: The winners of the Church History Museums 12th International Art Competition have been announced, and the artwork is breathtaking. Far West had a population by then of about five thousand Saints, and another five thousand lived in at least nineteen other Latter-day Saint communities in Caldwell County. Brigham interpreted Emma's refusal to answer as an admission of guilt.. He and his friends traveled on foot. We are sensible, brethren, that you have done all that you could do in removing the poor Saints, they said, adding that nor have we, brethren, been backward in exerting our energies for that purpose. God commanded and Joseph obeyed. Many of the Saints were converts who had sung hymns before. Learn about and browse the pages of the first hymnal of the Church. [12] John Butlers escape route apparently was across northern Missouri. In July 1830 the Lord outlined her mission, in a revelation: Thou art an elect lady, whom I have called. [63] Eliza R. Snow, an Immortal: Selected Works by Eliza R. Snow (Salt Lake City: Nicholas G. Morgan Sr., 1957), 1011. President Sidney Rigdon, Bishop Edward Partridge, and a few others felt the Saints could avoid problems like the ones they had in Missouri by spreading out rather than gathering together into Latter-day Saint communities. John marked time until his family and his mother and brothers could join him in Quincy. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. However, a significant number had taken refuge in St. Louis, a Missouri city that became an oasis of tolerance for Mormons. [50], The Young and Kimball families. [54] The Saints Petition to Congress, November 1839, in Smith, History of the Church, 4:2438; the mention of bloody footsteps is on p. 36. On November 6, 1832, Emma gave birth to Joseph Smith III in the upper room of Whitney's store in Kirtland. [112] A Proclamation to the Saints Scattered AbroadGreeting, Times and Seasons, January 15, 1841, 6. LM is long meter, CM is common meter, and so forth. . the support materials for the Joseph Smith manual. After a quick Google search, I found out that PM probably stands for peculiar meter. I hadnt heard of that before, and it isnt in the current edition of the LDS hymnbook. Anti-Mormons had vowed to keep that ceremony from happening. Then he had to be very careful for days to avoid capture. She said she was sorry to see the Mormons suffer so much and be driven from their homes. Shortly, twelve mobbers with rifles entered the tithing office and broke windows, tables, chairs, and seventeen clocks into matchwood. One threw iron pots at Theodore Turley, hitting him in the shoulder. https://www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com/HTML/what_is_meter.htm. He was not, however, a member of her familys faith and in fact, had received a vision at age fourteen telling him not to join any existing church because none were completely right. . This weekend at the Midwest Pilgrims retreat in Nauvoo, Illinois, I had the opportunity to listen to a fascinating talk by Linda King Newell, co-biographer of Emma Smith, first wife of LDS founding prophet Joseph Smith, Jr. Emma Smith, first Relief Society President and wife of the Prophet Joseph Smith, had many incredible and difficult experiences in her life. The exodus from Missouri generated a rich store of documents and records. Thats likely why its content was acceptable for the Ensign nearly a century after the Church had begun distancing itself from polygamy. There was scarcely a day while we were on the road that it did not either snow or rain, son John said. She had a lock of his hair cut and given to her. . The last words out of Emmas mouth when she died were Joseph. . He attended school as they courted, trying to live up to her. Not six months before the death of Joseph, he called his wife Emma into a secret council, and there he told her the truth, and called upon her to deny it if she could. Emma eventually forced them to leave, unable to bear the pain of having Joseph's plural wives . Refugees moved as individuals, by families, or in small clusters of wagons whenever they were ready. Either Brigham Young was not aware of Babbitt's propensity for alienating those around him or, like Joseph before him, he overlooked his faults because he needed his legal knowledge. And when people say she was wrong for remaining in Nauvoo, they are implying they know what she should have done," Richard Delewski said at the Sunstone Symposium on Aug. 13. He had one illegitimate child and after marrying Emma had another, which she raised, making her a most extraordinary woman. [9] The men split into two groups to avoid attention. [31] Smith, History of the Church, 3:25054. When a group of black Mormons arrived after a very difficult and painful journey fraught with danger and racial prejudice, their feet bleeding because they no longer had shoes, she sat them at her own dinner table and took them all into her home as guests until they could find work. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Richard Bushman writes of the poisoning accusation: Through the late fall and winter of 1843 and 1844, Joseph and Emma's relationship broke down only once. Emmas disappearance from LDS history was so total that Linda says when she and Valeen co-authored an article about her for the Ensign in 1979, it was the first writing about her to appear in any official church publication in 113 years. When Elizabeth died in childbirth, young Elizabeth Agnes was leftwith her stepfather and, soon after, a new stepmother. Emma, be patient, you shall have all of your children, he assured her gently. Six of 11 children had died: Alvin, twins Thadeus and Louisa, Joseph Murdock, Don Carlos and Thomas. You may be able to get in touch with someone who can answer that question here: Joseph Smith PapersContact Us. Mother followed the cart carrying my little brother, Francis Marion in her arms. Barefooted Mosiah tried to follow in her tracks. A little girl, Amy, rode in the cart and felt bad that the others had to tramp through the snow.[45] At the Mississippi River they camped, and Oh! The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Out went everything by the log, Martha said, the looking glass by a stump. That night Martha, soon to give birth, became ill, so Daniel rigged up a bed frame made of forked sticks and rope strands, and then drove in the frozen ground four six-foot poles topped by cross poles, hung quilts all around, and left openings at the bottom so the heat of the log fire would shine in to keep them warm. Sarah later became Emmas first counselor in the Nauvoo Relief Society. [76] Smith, History of the Church, 3:262. The Saints of the Colesville Branch settle in Thompson. In that revelation she was designed the "Elect Lady" which Joseph later explained means one elected "to preside.". Fugitive John Butler, in Quincy, learned of their arrival, and he rowed across the river in a canoe, dodging ice. They restarted on February 14 and reached the Mississippi two weeks later, on March 1, where they camped and waited for more than a week.[47]. If you look in the back of an LDS hymnbook, there is a whole section talking about meter as well. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. [57] Quoted in Lyman O. Littlefield, Reminiscences of Latter-day Saints (Logan, UT: Journal Company Printers, 1888), 7273. Don Carlos [her son], with his family and the remainder of his baggage, was crowded into a buggy, and went in the same company with us. They encountered continuous rains and had to travel through mud. Although their marriage was often troubled following the introduction of polygamy, Emma continued to care for Joseph. I attended the premier of the Emma Smith Story [with] several of my children and grandchildren. When it entered his stomach he went to the door and threw it off. In 1888 a Lyman Wight cabin was the only building standing in Ahman, and by 1970 it was totally gone.[124]. Food was scarce, and housing inadequate. Because of his position in the Illinois militia, he was often referred to as "Major" Bidamon. It wasnt just that she was the mother of, It wasnt just that she clashed with Young so severely that he once claimed that more hell was never wrapped up in any human being than there is in her., And it wasnt just that she later helped her son found. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Joseph Knights son Newel was Joseph Smiths close friendthe Prophet had performed his and Lydias wedding in Kirtland, and he had no followers more loyal than Newel and Lydia. [79] In its March 2 issue, the Quincy Whig termed the Saints crossing the Mississippi River objects of charity. Because they had been thrown upon our shores destitute, through the oppressive people of Missouri, common humanity must oblige us to aid and relieve them all in our power.[80], On March 5, Bishop Partridge reported from Quincy to Joseph Smith, The people here receive us kindly and are willing that we should enjoy the privileges guaranteed to all civil people without molestation.[81], Joseph Sr. and wife Lucy rented a house or part of it on the northeast corner of Sixth and Hampshire streets. The Joseph Smith Papers project explains that Emmas work laid a foundation for the continued role of music in Latter-day Saint worship. Emma contributed in creating a distinct identity for the church because this hymnbooks lyrics emphasize key tenets of the religion.. Albert Rockwood and his family left Far West with another family on January 10. Illinois law at the time held that no church could hold more than ten acres of property, and so much of the church's properties were held in Joseph's name. She helped to care for Josephs mother and her mother-in-law noted that few women had endured as many trials as she had with so much grace. Tucked between popular Church history chapters about Liberty Jail and Nauvoo is a little-known but vitally important chapter dealing with the Latter-day Saints seven-month struggle to survive the winter of 183839 in Missouri and to leave there by spring 1839. For more coverage of Sunstone sessions, visit MormonTimes.com and go to the "Studies & Doctrine tab," then click on "doctrine discussions." Both the Church and Joseph Smith personally were heavily in debt at the time of the martyrdom. Joseph Smith. Her financial state was precarious because there had not been a clear line between the family money and the church money, with Joseph often going into debt to help support the church. . [118] Dean R. Zimmerman, I Knew the Prophets: An Analysis of the Letters of Benjamin F. Johnson to George F. Gibbs Reporting Doctrinal Views of Joseph Smith and Brigham Young (Bountiful, UT: Horizon, 1976), 1011. On March 5, Bishop Edward Partridge reported in Quincy that ice had been running for three days so that no one could cross the Mississippi. [3] LaMar C. Berrett and Max H. Parkin, Sacred Places: A Comprehensive Guide to Early LDS Historical Sites, vol. Ever since the Prophet Joseph died as a martyr in Carthage, Illinois, some Latter-day Saints have felt disappointment that Joseph's wife Emma did not go with the Church in the westward exodus of the Saints in 1846-47. Sidney Rigdon had been released in January. They held a short conference in one of the homes and excommunicated thirty-one unworthies. In addition to the Apostles, six members of the Committee and about a dozen other members were present. But Brigham died before she had the opportunity to speak with him. 5 How old was Emma Smith when Joseph Smith died? [28] Greene, Expulsion of the Saints from Missouri, 8. Further, the committee agreed to find employment for those able and willing to labor. In fear of threats that the bodies would be stolen or desecrated, coffins filled with sandbags were used in the public funeral of the two martyrs. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".